cho a,b thuộc N a>b.CMR
a) \(ab\left(a^4-b^4\right)⋮30\)
b)\(a^2b^2\left(a^4-b^4\right)⋮60\)
Cho \(a,b\in N\) và a>b . C/m:
a) \(A=ab\left(a^4-b^4\right)⋮30\)
b)\(B=a^2b^2\left(a^4-b^4\right)⋮60\)
a) \(ab\left(a^4-b^4\right)=a^5b-ab^5=a^5b-ab-\left(ab^5-ab\right)\)
Xét: \(x^5-x=x\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)+5\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right).x\)
\(=x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)+5x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
= A + B
Vì \(A⋮2,3,5\) ; \(B⋮2,3,5\)
Mà 2,3,5 là đôi nguyên tố bằng nhau
\(\Rightarrow A⋮2.3.5\) và \(B⋮2.3.5\)
\(\Rightarrow A+B⋮30\)
hay \(x^5-x⋮30\) \(\forall x\in N\)
Do đó \(a^5-a⋮30\) và \(b^5-b⋮30\) với \(a,b\in N\)
\(\Rightarrow b\left(a^5-a\right)-a\left(b^5-b\right)⋮30\)
Hay \(ab\left(a^4-b^4\right)⋮30\)
b) Ta có \(B=a^2b^2\left(a^4-b^4\right)\)
\(=ab.ab.\left(a^4-b^4\right)\) (1)
Mặt khác: \(ab\left(a^4-b^4\right)⋮30\) (ở câu a) (2)
+Nếu a hoặc b chẵn:
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(B⋮60\)
+Nếu a,b cùng lẽ:
Thì:\(\left(a^2-b^2\right)\) và \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)cùng chẵn
Suy ra \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)=a^4-b^4⋮4\) hay \(B⋮4\)
+ Từ (2) suy ra \(ab\left(a^4-b^4\right)⋮15\)
Mà (4;15)=1
Nên \(B⋮4.15\) hay \(B⋮60\)
Cho a,b duong thoa man ab=a+b.CMR:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+2a}+\frac{1}{b^2+2b}+\sqrt{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{21}{4}\)
Bài 1 : Dùng hằng đẳng thức để khai triển và thu gọn các biểu thức sau
a) \(\left(-4xy-5\right).\left(5-4xy\right)\)
b) \(\left(a^2b+ab^2\right).\left(ab^2-a^2b\right)\)
c) \(\left(3x-4\right)^2+2.\left(3x-4\right).\left(4-x\right)+\left(4-x\right)^2\)
d) \(\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right).\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)-\left(a^4+b^4\right)\)
\(a,\left(-4xy-5\right)\left(5-4xy\right)=\left(4xy+5\right)\left(4xy-5\right).\)
\(=\left(4xy\right)^2-5^2=16x^2y^2-25\)
\(b,\left(a^2b+ab^2\right)\left(ab^2-a^2b\right)=\left(ab^2+a^2b\right)\left(ab^2-a^2b\right)\)
\(=\left(ab^2\right)^2-\left(a^2b\right)^2=a^2b^4-a^4b^2\)
\(c,\left(3x-4\right)^2+2\left(3x-4\right)\left(4-x\right)+\left(4-x\right)^2\)
\(=\left[\left(3x-4\right)+\left(4-x\right)\right]^2\)
\(=\left(3x-4+4-x\right)^2=\left(2x\right)^2=4x^2\)
\(d,\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)-\left(a^4+b^4\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(a^2+b^2\right)+ab\right]\left[\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab\right]-\left(a^4+b^4\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-\left(ab\right)^2-a^4-b^4\)
\(=a^4+2a^2b^2+b^4-a^2b^2-a^4-b^4=a^2b^2\)
cho hai số dương a,b thỏa mãn a+b=2.chứng minh rằng:
a \(a^2+b^2\) lớn hơn bằng 2
b \(a^4+b^4\) lớn hơn bằng 2
c \(a^2b^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\) bé hơn bằng 2
d \(8\left(a^4+b^4\right)+\dfrac{1}{ab}\) lớn hơn bằng 17
a.
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{3}.2^2=2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)
b.
\(a^4+b^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.2^2=2\) (sử dụng kết quả \(a^2+b^2\ge2\) của câu a)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=1\)
c.
\(a^2b^2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}ab.2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(a+b\right)^2\left(2ab+a^2+b^2\right)^2=2\)
d.
\(8\left(a^4+b^4\right)+\dfrac{1}{ab}\ge8.2+\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=16+\dfrac{4}{2^2}=17\) (sử dụng kết quả câu b)
Cho \(\left(a+b\right)\left(2b-a-4\right)=\left(a-2b\right)\left(5-a-b\right)\). Tính \(\frac{2a^2-3b^2}{ab+b^2}\)
Cho a + b + c = 0. CMR \(a^4+b^4+c^4=2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{2}\)
Ta có:
(a + b + c)2 = 0 => a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca) = 0
=> a2 + b2 + c2 = -2(ab + bc + ca)
=> (a2 + b2 + c2)2 = 4(ab + bc + ca)2
=> a4 + b4 + c4 + 2(a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2) = 4[a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2 + 2(ab2c + bc2a + ca2b)
=> a4 + b4 + c4 = 2(a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2) + 8abc(a + b + c)
=> a4 + b4 + c4 = 2(a2b2 + b2c2 + c2a2) (vì a + b + c = 0) (1)
Có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)=2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2ab^2c+2a^2bc+2abc^2\right)\\2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)=a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)=2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\left(2\right)\\a^4+b^4+c^4=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{2}\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (1); (2) và (3) ta có đpcm
Cho a,b,c là độ dài 3 cạnh của 1 tam giác cm:
a)\(ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
b)\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\)
c)\(2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2-a^4-b^4-c^4>0\)
d)\(a\left(b-c\right)^2+b\left(c-a\right)^2+c\left(a+b\right)^2>a^3+b^3+c^3\)
a/ Với mọi số thực ta luôn có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Lại có do a;b;c là ba cạnh của 1 tam giác nên theo BĐT tam giác ta có:
\(a+b>c\Rightarrow ac+bc>c^2\)
\(a+c>b\Rightarrow ab+bc>b^2\)
\(b+c>a\Rightarrow ab+ac>a^2\)
Cộng vế với vế: \(2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)>a^2+b^2+c^2\)
b/
Do a;b;c là ba cạnh của tam giác nên các nhân tử vế phải đều dương
Ta có:
\(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b-c+b+c-a\right)^2=b^2\)
Tương tự: \(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\le a^2\)
\(\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\le c^2\)
Nhân vế với vế:
\(a^2b^2c^2\ge\left(a+b-c\right)^2\left(b+c-a\right)^2\left(a+c-b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a+c-b\right)\)
\(VT=2a^2b^2+2b^2c^2+2c^2a^2-a^4-b^4-c^4\)
\(=4a^2b^2-\left(a^4+b^4+c^4+2a^2b^2-2b^2c^2-2c^2a^2\right)\)
\(=\left(2ab\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2ab+a^2+b^2-c^2\right)\left(2ab-a^2-b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2\right]\left[c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\)
Mặt khác theo BĐT tam giác ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b>c\\\left|a-b\right|< c\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b\right)^2>c^2\\\left(a-b\right)^2< c^2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2>0\\c^2-\left(a-b\right)^2>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT>0\)
Cho \(\left(a+b\right)^3+4ab\ge2.\)Tìm min \(A=3\left(a^4+b^4+a^2b^2\right)-2\left(a^2+b^2\right)+1\)
\(P=\frac{a}{\sqrt{\left(b+1\right)\left(b^2-b+1\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{\left(c+1\right)\left(c^2-c+1\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{\left(a+1\right)\left(a^2-a+1\right)}}\)
\(\ge\frac{2a}{b^2+2}+\frac{2b}{c^2+2}+\frac{2c}{a^2+2}=\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(\frac{ab^2}{b^2+2}+\frac{bc^2}{c^2+2}+\frac{ca^2}{a^2+2}\right)\)
\(=6-\left(\frac{2ab^2}{b^2+4+b^2}+\frac{2bc^2}{c^2+4+c^2}+\frac{2ca^2}{a^2+4+a^2}\right)\ge6-\left(\frac{2ab}{b+4}+\frac{2bc}{c+4}+\frac{2ca}{a+4}\right)\)
\(=6-\left(2a+2b+2c-\frac{8a}{b+4}-\frac{8b}{c+4}-\frac{8c}{a+4}\right)\)
\(=\frac{8a}{b+4}+\frac{8b}{c+4}+\frac{8c}{a+4}-6=\frac{8a^2}{ab+4a}+\frac{8b^2}{bc+4b}+\frac{8c^2}{ca+4c}-6\)
\(\ge\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+4\left(a+b+c\right)}-6\ge\frac{288}{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+24}-6=2\)